| This table can also be looked at in the opposite direction; the sooner the pest is addressed, the higher are the economic benefits. Hence, it is clear that the most lucrative investment is in the Prevention phase and the least lucrative investment is in Commercial Control. ACHILLES HEEL OF THE PROTOCOLS (ITS VULNERABILITIES) As we know, sometimes quarantine fruit flies do manage to invade into new territories. They do it when the Prevention and the Eradication phases are not effective enough. To improve our war against quarantine fruit flies, we first need to understand the weak spots in our three layers of protection; Prevention, Eradication, and Commercial Control. Surprisingly, when we run that analysis we soon find that protocols for the Commercial Control phase get the highest attention and budget relative to their low return on investment (ROI), as seen in the above table. This is a result of mutual economic interest by farmers who wish to protect their yield and the agrochemical industry whose business model is based on supplying that need. It is unfortunate that the two most important groups of protocols, with the greatest ROI, receive the lowest budget and attention; Prevention and Eradication. Why? Because those protocols are in the government domain, and often governments' attention is less on Prevention and more on responding to immediate needs. Without getting into details, the Eradication protocols are the least advanced. That explains well the historically high rate of establishment of fruit flies, once they manage to penetrate through the Prevention layer of protection. Conclusion for PPIS decision-makers – your highest ROI, as well as peace of mind, will stem from improving Preventative and Eradication measures and protocols (keep in mind that Eradication protocols are currently the least advanced). CONCLUSION FOR QUARANTINE PESTS AND DISEASES WARRIORS' It is clear that the most economically viable actions are those that PREVENT the entry of a pest or disease into a country. Unfortunately, once a pest or disease has entered a country, and thereafter it manages to make its way out of the Eradication Delimited Area, it becomes extremely hard and even impossible to stop its spread and its establishment in the country. The transition from one stage to another has huge implications, including the understanding of when Eradication in no longer a viable option and the 'system' should move to a Commercial Control mode of action. A GUIDE TO IDENTIFYING YOUR COUNTRY'S STAGE This is a short guide, which will help you to indicate the exact status of your country per a specific quarantine pest or disease. Note that all you need is qualitative data to reach conclusions. The fact that there is no need for quantitative data makes this guide especially easy to use. Guide - think of a specific pest or disease (including human ones). Now read the three categories below and identify which of the three suits best the situation in your country: 1. Full control - there is no ___________ (specify the name of a pest/disease) in any form in my country. Your country's stage is - Prevention. 2. In control - there are ___________ (specify the name of a pest/disease) in my country, but we know exactly where 100% of them are (in a delimited area). Your country's stage is - Eradication. 3. Out of control - there are ___________ (specify the name of a pest/disease) in my country but we don't know where they all are. Your country's stage is – Commercial Control. Note, this stage is unstoppable from the establishment and expansion of a pest or contagious disease. |